• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure, and associated system, for in-line measurement of the contact resistance for substation connectors (1) (2) comprising the steps of measuring off-line, during the installation phase of the connector (1), the current resistance keep going; determine, during the calibration phase, and with the connector (1) installed, the sensitivity of the current sensor (3) using the current flowing through the connector (1), without external current injection; calculate, during post-calibration, under normal operating conditions of the connector (1) and once installed in the substation (2), the contact resistance of the connector (1) at each moment from the voltage and current measurements, being suitable, at a low cost, for both AC and DC applications. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2738951A1
    申请号:ES201830761
    申请日:2018-07-25
    公开日:2020-01-27
    发明作者:Ruiz Jordi-Roger Riba；Eguilaz Manuel Moreno；Akash Kadechkar；Muñoz Josep Sanllehí；Francesca Capelli；Lobato Joan Pérez
    申请人:Sbi Connectors Espana S A U；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002]
    [0003]
    [0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    [0005]
    [0006] The purpose of the present patent application is an online measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors according to claim 1, which incorporates notable innovations and advantages, together with an in-line measurement system of the contact resistance for connectors of substation according to claim 8.
    [0007]
    [0008] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0009]
    [0010] The electrical substation connectors, and in general, the elements that connect different parts of an electrical circuit in the substations must offer a very low and stable contact resistance over time to ensure good electrical contact. On the contrary, very high temperatures are generated, which can compromise the good functioning of the connector and therefore its useful life. Due to the thermal heating-cooling cycles, the connector hardware, which ensures adequate pressure, tends to loosen, consequently increasing the contact resistance. Touch resistance is the most influential parameter for the current behavior of the connector, being a good indicator of its health condition.
    [0011]
    [0012] The contact resistance is measured with the standard 4-wire system or Kelvin method, based on the application of a direct current stabilized by an external current source, and measuring the voltage drop that it causes between the terminals of the connector or of the equipment in which the contact resistance is measured. The resistance is determined by dividing the voltage drop by the current. This method, however, does not directly give the contact resistance, but the total resistance between the measuring points.
    [0013] Various procedures, equipment and systems for measuring the contact resistance of devices with electrical contacts are known, although all of them use procedures, techniques and equipment different from those of the invention of the present patent application.
    [0014]
    [0015] In this regard, it is known from the state of the art, as disclosed in document CN103344839 a wireless detection method and a device for the contact resistance of a busbar joint. A busbar penetrates a groove formed by an upper iron core. A lower iron core in a combined and surrounding mode. A flow and temperature measurement module is buckled on the surface of the bar joint in a surrounding mode. A temperature sensor is contacted directly with the busbar joint, and the flow and temperature measurement module, the highest surface temperature and the lowest surface temperature of the bar joint are simulated by a method of analysis of finite elements. The highest temperature and the lowest temperature are selected as input variables. The contact resistance of the busbar is also considered as an output variable. The alternating current is generated in a coil when the current passes through the busbar. The power supply is activated by a selector switch. The temperature sensor detects the highest temperature and the lowest temperature on the surface of the joint. The digital temperature signals pass through an MCU processing unit and are sent to a superior computer through a wireless communication module. The upper computer enters the digital current and temperature signals into a BP neural network to measure the contact resistance. The wireless detection method and the device for contact resistance of the bar joint effectively solve the problem that the contact resistance of the busbar is difficult to measure. This document does not anticipate, however, the object of the present invention.
    [0016]
    [0017] It is also known from the state of the art, as disclosed in US2013186868 a power supply controller without probe for a resistance spot welding system includes a power supply module that generates a first current and a power supply module. power configured to generate a second current from the first current. The current is sent to a first electrode and a second electrode that have at least two welding pieces interposed between them. As the current flows through the welding parts, the resistance and temperature of the welding parts increase in such a way that the welding parts are welded together. The system also includes a voltage control module that receives a reading of current that indicates a value of the second current, estimates a resistance of the welding parts based on the value of the second current and determines a phase angle to establish a voltage emitted by the power supply module based on the estimated resistance and a power profile The power supply module generates the first current based on the phase angle. This document also does not anticipate the object of the present invention.
    [0018]
    [0019] On the other hand, according to the patent document "Method and apparatus for measuring contact resistance for spot welding simulations", with publication number US 6208146B1 of 03/27/2001 of General Motors Corporation, a procedure of contact resistance test for electric welding simulations, injecting an initial current of the order of 1.2 kA to break the film of impurities on the surface of the workpiece. Therefore, it is not based on the measurement of the current flowing through the circuit nor in electromagnetic simulations.
    [0020]
    [0021] Additionally, according to the patent document "Contact resistance measurement for linearity of resistance in thin nanostructure films", with publication number US 20110042126A1 of 08/24/2009 of Cambrios Technologies Corp., a measurement method of the contact resistance of touch screens by applying an external pressure that is converted to contact resistance by applying statistical methods This patent does not describe a test method to that of the present invention, being very far from the field of application thereof.
    [0022]
    [0023] It is also known, according to the patent document "Method and apparatus for contact resistance measurement", with publication number US 7061256B2 of 07/26/2004, a method and test apparatus for determining the contact resistance between probes of measurement and welding in semiconductor wafers, however, the application is very different, as well as the level of current applied and also the measurement system.
    [0024]
    [0025] Thus, and in view of all of the above, it is seen that there is still a need for a method and system of online measurement of contact resistance for substation connectors that, representing a low cost, is suitable for both applications of alternating current as of direct current.
    [0026] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0027]
    [0028] The present invention aims to develop a low cost direct measurement system of the contact resistance of substation connectors in real time in order to determine the health condition of the connector. In this way, predictive maintenance of the connector can be done, in order to have enough information to replace it before there is a more severe problem, since it could force the disconnection of part of the substation.
    [0029]
    [0030] The contact resistance test procedure is based on the measurement of the electric current and the voltage drop between the two measuring terminals. The electrical current flowing through the connector under normal operating conditions is measured with a current sensor, while the voltage drop between the connector terminals is measured with an amplifier that allows the elimination of common mode noise. Both voltages must be filtered digitally to minimize the effect of noise and improve the accuracy of the measurements.
    [0031]
    [0032] The development consists of a test procedure to determine the contact resistance of substation connectors during normal operating conditions for applications of both alternating current and direct current.
    [0033]
    [0034] Thus, the measurement of the contact resistance of electrical substation connectors is based on the measurement of the voltage drop in the connector and the current flowing through it in normal operating conditions, taking advantage of the same current flowing through the connector, without the need to inject an external current, being an online method. To measure current and voltage drop, the present invention uses a current sensor and an amplifier, respectively. In addition, electromagnetic simulations of finite elements are required to determine the connector's own resistance and subtract it from the measured resistance in order to determine the contact resistance.
    [0035]
    [0036] The process of the present invention has its application during the normal operating stage of the connector, both for alternating current and direct current applications, allowing to determine its contact resistance in order to facilitate predictive maintenance.
    [0037] In the calibration phase, the DC resistance of the connector is measured offline, preferably using a micro ohmmeter. The sensitivity of the current sensor is also calculated, which relates its output voltage to the intensity of the magnetic field at the point where said sensor is located. In alternating current applications, during the calibration phase the impedance of the connector (Zconector), the reactance (Xconector) and the impedance phase (^ Calculated) are also determined.
    [0038]
    [0039] During the second phase, the contact resistance of the connector is recalculated at every moment, based on the voltage and current measurements, as well as the value of the volumetric resistance of the connector. This phase is performed under normal operating conditions of the connector, once installed in the substation.
    [0040]
    [0041] Following the method proposed in the present invention, from the value obtained from the contact resistance, it can be determined if its value has undergone significant changes with respect to previous values. If so, there is an obvious indication that the connector is degrading and should be replaced with a new one.
    [0042]
    [0043] The proposed test procedure can be applied to various components, such as electrical substation connectors, metal fittings, busbars and other elements with electrical contacts for high voltage power lines and electrical substations.
    [0044]
    [0045] Applying simulations by the finite element method, the volumetric resistance of the connector can be determined, which, subtracting it from the total resistance obtained, allows the contact resistance of the connector to be calculated.
    [0046]
    [0047] More particularly, the in-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors comprising the steps of i) measuring the resistance in direct current during the connector installation phase; ii) determine, during the calibration phase, and when the connector is installed, the sensitivity of the current sensor using the current flowing through the connector, without external current injection; iii) calculate, during post-calibration, under normal operating conditions of the connector and once installed in the substation, the contact resistance of the connector at each moment from the voltage and current measurements.
    [0048]
    [0049] From this method derive a series of advantages, such as:
    [0050] - a low cost in its implementation;
    [0051] - the output voltage is related to the intensity of the magnetic field at the point where the sensor is located;
    [0052] - it can be applied for both alternating and direct current substations; - allows to be applied to existing connectors;
    [0053] - allows to determine the state of the connector from the value of the contact resistance; - allows to determine, from the value of the contact resistance, when it is necessary to replace the connector with a new one, facilitating predictive maintenance.
    [0054]
    [0055] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, step i) of offline measurement during the installation of the DC connector of the resistance is carried out using the measuring device of a portable micro-ohmmeter. In this way the measurement presents reliability when using a device validated according to quality standards, being able to transport the measuring device from one place to another, not being limited to a physical place.
    [0056]
    [0057] According to another aspect of the invention, step ii), and in alternating current applications, during the calibration phase the impedance of the connector (ZConector), the reactance (XConector) and the impedance phase (^ Calculated) are determined. Thus, it is possible to determine quantities relative to alternating current, the process of the present invention being applicable to said electric current variant.
    [0058]
    [0059] On the other hand, stage iii), of calculating, during post-calibration, under normal operating conditions of the connector and once installed in the substation, the contact resistance of the connector at each moment from the voltage measurements and current, is performed without injection of external current, using the current flowing through the connector. In this way, the infrastructure necessary for the application is simplified, since a current generating device is not needed to carry out the measurement.
    [0060]
    [0061] According to another aspect of the invention, step iii), of calculating, during post-calibration, under normal operating conditions of the connector and once installed in the substation, the contact resistance of the connector at every moment from the measurements of voltage and current, the volumetric resistance of the connector is subtracted, obtained by a finite element method. In this way a more accurate measurement is obtained.
    [0062] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the in-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors uses a current sensor to measure the current flowing through the connector, and an amplifier to measure the voltage drop between the terminal points of this one. In this way a more reliable measurement is obtained.
    [0063]
    [0064] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the online measurement method of the contact resistance for substation connectors comprises an additional step of applying a filtrate to the signals of the current sensor and / or the amplifier. In this way it is possible to minimize the effect of noise and increase the accuracy of the measurement.
    [0065]
    [0066] The object of the present invention is also an in-line measurement system of the contact resistance for substation connectors, configured to execute the steps of the procedure described above.
    [0067]
    [0068] The attached drawings show, by way of non-limiting example, an in-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors, and associated system, constituted according to the invention. Other features and advantages of said method and in-line measurement system of the contact resistance for substation connectors, object of the present invention, will be apparent from the description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which:
    [0069]
    [0070] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0071]
    [0072] To complement the description and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where, as an illustration and not limitation, the following has been represented:
    [0073]
    [0074] Figure 1. Flow diagram of the online measurement method and calculation of the contact resistance of the connector for alternating current applications, in accordance with the present invention.
    [0075] Figure 2. Flow diagram of the online measurement method and calculation of the contact resistance of the connector for DC applications, in accordance with the present invention.
    [0076] Figure 3. Detail of the measurement system, including the current sensor to measure the electric current and the amplifier to measure the voltage drop between the connector terminals, in accordance with the present invention.
    [0077] Figure 4. It is a perspective view of the connector by means of a simulation of finite elements to determine the volumetric resistance of the connector, in accordance with the present invention.
    [0078]
    [0079] DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
    [0080]
    [0081] In view of the aforementioned figures and, according to the numbering adopted, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention can be observed therein, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below.
    [0082]
    [0083] The respective flow diagram for alternating current applications (Figure 1), and for direct current applications (Figure 2) can be seen in the figures. They show the two phases in which the measurement method proposed in the present invention consists, a calibration phase of the current sensor for the measurement of the current flowing through the connector, which is performed during the installation of the connector in the substation, followed by a measurement phase once calibrated, that is, during the life of the connector.
    [0084]
    [0085] More specifically, and as can be seen in the figures, the in-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors 1 comprising the steps of i) measuring off-line, during the installation phase of the connector 1, the resistance in direct current; ii) determine, during the calibration phase, and the connector 1 being installed, the sensitivity of the current sensor 3 using the current flowing through the connector 1, without external current injection; iii) calculate, during post-calibration, under normal operating conditions of connector 1 and once installed in substation 2, the contact resistance of connector 1 at each moment from the voltage and current measurements.
    [0086] On the other hand, and as can be seen in the figures, step i) of offline measurement during the installation of the connector 1 of the direct current resistor, is carried out using a portable micro ohmmeter.
    [0087]
    [0088] More specifically, and as can be seen in the figures, step ii), and in alternating current applications, during the calibration phase the impedance of the connector 1 (ZConnector), the reactance (XConector) and the phase of the impedance (^ Calculated).
    [0089]
    [0090] According to another aspect of the invention, and as can be seen in the figures, step iii), of calculating, during post-calibration, under normal operating conditions of connector 1 and once installed in substation 2, the resistance of Contact of the connector 1 at every moment from the voltage and current measurements, is carried out without injection of external current, using the current that circulates through the connector 1.
    [0091]
    [0092] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, and as can be seen in the figures, step iii), of calculating, during post-calibration, under normal operating conditions of connector 1 and once installed in substation 2, the resistance of contact of the connector 1 at every moment from the voltage and current measurements, the volumetric resistance of the connector 1, obtained by a finite element method, is subtracted.
    [0093]
    [0094] More specifically, and as can be seen in the figures, the in-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors 1, uses a current sensor 3 to measure the current flowing through the connector 1, and a amplifier 4 to measure the voltage drop between the terminal points of the latter.
    [0095]
    [0096] According to another aspect of the invention, and as can be seen in the figures, the in-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors 1 comprises an additional step of applying filtering to the signals of the current sensor 3 and / or amplifier 4 to minimize the effect of noise and increase measurement accuracy.
    [0097]
    [0098] Additionally, the present invention comprises an in-line measurement system of the contact resistance for substation connectors 1, configured to execute the steps of the procedure as described above.
    [0099] The details, shapes, dimensions and other accessory elements, as well as the components used in the implementation of the procedure and in-line measurement system of the contact resistance for substation connectors, may be conveniently replaced by others that are technically equivalent, and do not depart from the essentiality of the invention or the scope defined by the claims that are included after the following list.
    [0100]
    [0101] List references:
    [0102]
    [0103] 1 connector
    [0104] 2 substation
    [0105] 3 current sensor
    [0106] 4 amplifier
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1. Online measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors (1) (2) comprising the following steps:
    i) measure the resistance in direct current during the installation phase of the connector (1);
    ii) determine, during the calibration phase, and the connector (1) being installed, the sensitivity of the current sensor (3) using the current flowing through the connector (1), without external current injection;
    iii) calculate, during post-calibration, under normal operating conditions of the connector (1) and once installed in the substation (2), the contact resistance of the connector (1) at each moment from the voltage measurements and current.
    2- In-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that step i) of offline measurement during the installation of the connector (1) of the resistance in DC current is performed using a portable micro-ohmmeter.
    3- In-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that step ii), and in alternating current applications, during the calibration phase the impedance is determined of the connector (1) (ZConnector), the reactance (XConnector) and the impedance phase (^ Calculated).
    4- Online measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that step iii), to calculate, during post-calibration, under normal operating conditions of the connector (1) and once installed in the substation (2), the contact resistance of the connector (1) at each moment from the voltage and current measurements, is carried out without injection of external current, using the current flowing through the connector (1).
    5- In-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that step iii), to calculate, during post-calibration, under normal operating conditions of the connector (1) and once installed in the substation (2), the contact resistance of the connector (1) in each From the voltage and current measurements, the volumetric resistance of the connector (1), obtained by a finite element method, is subtracted.
    6- In-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses a current sensor (3) to measure the current flowing through the connector (1) , and an amplifier (4) to measure the voltage drop between its terminal points.
    7- In-line measurement procedure of the contact resistance for substation connectors (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises an additional step of applying a filtrate to the signals of the current sensor (3) and / or of the amplifier (4) to minimize the effect of noise and increase measurement accuracy.
    8- In-line measurement system of the contact resistance for substation connectors (1) (2), configured to execute the steps of the procedure according to any of claims 1 to 7.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2738951B2|2021-04-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6160402A|1998-08-28|2000-12-12|Motorola, Inc.|Method and apparatus for determining contact resistance|
    CN104062323A|2014-06-06|2014-09-24|西安理工大学|Method for measuring contact resistance on line|
    法律状态:
    2020-01-27| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2738951 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20200127 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201830761A|ES2738951B2|2018-07-25|2018-07-25|PROCEDURE AND ONLINE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM OF CONTACT RESISTANCE FOR SUBSTATION CONNECTORS|ES201830761A| ES2738951B2|2018-07-25|2018-07-25|PROCEDURE AND ONLINE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM OF CONTACT RESISTANCE FOR SUBSTATION CONNECTORS|
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